Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms

Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms by Hannah Fry

 

Neural Network으로 대표되는 A.I의 발전 정도를 보여 주는 책이다. Deep Blue의 체스 경기나 AlphaGo 의  바둑 경기가 생각나고, 아시모프의 로봇 3원칙도 생각난다. 사람들이 쉽게 알기 힘든 시스템 내부(backend )에서 컴퓨터 알고리즘이 많이 적용되고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이제는 너무도 당연하게 사용하고 있는 Navigation 이나 사진에서 인물을 구분하고 Tag을 추가해주는 기능들이 A.I 발전에서 중요한 부분이었다는 것. 하지만, 고도의 자동화에 익숙해시면 사람들이 그 능력을 연습하거나 숙달되지 않게 된다는 것도 의미기 있다. 이제는 외우는 전화번호가 점점 줄어서 거의 한자리 밖에 남지 않았음을 보면 반박할 수 없다. 이렇게 생겨나는 여유를 더 창의적인 활동에 사용할 수 없다면, 컴퓨터와의 경쟁에서 이길 수 있는 방법은 별로 남지 않을 것이다. Deep Blue와 체스경기를 치뤘던 Garry Kasparov가 평가한 내용은 최근 이세돌이 인터뷰에서 밝힌 내용과 닿아 있는 부분이 있다. 컴퓨터 - A.I - 와 직접 경쟁하기 보다는 사람이 A.I의 도움을 받아서 창의적인 부분에 더 집중할 수 있는 환경이 됐다라고 생각하는 것. 아마, 그런 미래가 지금 자라고 있는 우리 아이들이 겪을 미래가 될 것이다.

 

pp. 13 

Open Worm Project : http://openworm.org/

 

pp. 39

Since the 1980s, psychologists have been using a system of five characteristics to quantify an individual's personality. You get a score on each of following traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Collectively, they offer a standard and useful way to describe what kind of a person you are. 

 

pp. 40

By the time their second study appeared in 2014, the research team were claiming that if you could collect 300 Likes from someone's Facebook profile, the algorithm would be able to judge their character more accurately than their spouse could. 

 

Fast-forward to today, and the academic research group - the Psychometrics Centre at Cambridge University - have extended their algorithm to make personality predictions from your Twitter feed too. 

 

pp 59. https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/pitfalls-artificial-intelligence-decisionmaking-highlighted-idaho-aclu-case

 

pp. 105  

Big Data: Does Size Matter?by Timandra Harkness (Author)

 

pp. 122

The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries of Controversy by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne  (Author)

'Bayes runs counter to the deeply held conviction that modern science requires objectivity and precision.'

 

pp. 133

Ironies of Automation - Lisanne Bainbridge

http://www.bainbrdg.demon.co.uk/Papers/Ironies.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005109883900468

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8013079

The ironies of automation ?still going strong at 30?

'Build a machine to improve human performance and it will lead - ironically - to a reduction in human ability.'

 

pp. 135

'It's impossible for even highly motivated human to maintain effective visual attention towards a source of information, on which very little happens, for more than about half an hour'

- from Ironies of Automation - Lisanne Bainbridge

 

pp. 189

'Music is a language of emotions, and until program have emotions as complex as ours, there is no way a program will write anything beautiful... To think that we might be able to command a pre-programmed 'music box' to bring forth pieces which Bach might have written is a  grotesque and shameful misestimation of the depth of the human spirit.'

- from Godel, Escher, Bach by Hofstadter

 

Experiments in Musical Intelligence : EMI - http://artsites.ucsc.edu/faculty/cope/experiments.htm

 

pp. 193

'There is no such thing as a new idea. It is impossible. We simply take a lot of old ideas and put them into a sort of mental kaleidoscope. We give them a turn and they make new and curious combinations. We keep on turning and making new combinations indefinitely, but they are the same old pieces of colored glass that have been in use through all the ages.'

- Autobiography of Mark Twain

 

pp. 202

'When playing with the assistance of computers, we could concentrate on strategic planning instead of spending so much time on calculations. Human creativity was even more paramount under these conditions.'

- https://www.genpact.com/insight/blog/dont-underestimate-importance-of-process-in-coming-world-of-ai

Don’t underestimate importance of process in coming world of AI

DGT Centaur- New Revolutionary Chess Computer - Digital Electronic Chess Set ( amazon )

 

현재 가장 강한 체스 엔진프로그램: https://stockfishchess.org/