그릿 / Grit

Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth 3/5/2017 - 3/28/2017

http://angeladuckworth.com/

Angela Duckworth

http://www.ted.com/talks/angela_lee_duckworth_grit_the_power_of_passion_and_perseverance

 

- 여러가지 측면에서 생각해볼 부분이 있다. 첫번째, 열정 - Passion - 이 한순간의 상태라기 보다 일정 기간이상 지속되는 관심의 연속과 확장이라는 부분. 어떤 일에 열정이 있다라고 하면 순간의 몰입에 생각이 쏠리는데, 실제로는 관심을 얼마나 계속해서 투여할 수 있는가가 열정에 대한 척도가 될 수 있다는 것. 다른 것은 의식적이고 지속적인 훈련의 가치이다. 이 부분은 Perseverance 에 연결된다. 지속적인 훈련은 어떤 방법을 통해서든 측정 가능한 지표를 찾고, 그 지표의 변화를 통해서 확인 가능해야 의미 있는 훈련이 될 수 있다는 것이다. 측정의 방향을 어떻게 해야 하는가의 고민은 있겠지만, 지속적으로 변화를 관찰 할 수 있어야 지속 가능하다는 점도 의미가 있다. 책의 마지막 부분에서 나오지만, GRIT이라는 것은 여러가지 성격의 한 측면이라는 것이다. 사람의 성격-character-는 여러가지 다른 방향에서 살펴야 하고, 그런 다양한 부분이 서로 연결되어 한 사람의 역량이나 성과가 나타난다는 사실을 잊어버려서는 안되겠다. 

 

심리학자 - 현장 교사 - 컨설턴트  /  Harvard - Oxford - UPenn 

 

pp.17 Apparently, aptitude did not guarantee achievement. Talent for math was different from excelling in math class.

 

pp.21 So it's worth pausing to consider Darwin's opinion on the determinants of achievement - that is, his belief that zeal and hard work are ultimately more important than intellectual ability.

 

pp.22 One biographer describes Darwin as someone who kept thinking about the same question long after others would move on to different - and no doubt easier - problems:

 

pp.26  The war for talent  

https://www.fastcompany.com/34512/war-talent

https://hbr.org/2007/04/the-war-for-talent-is-back

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2587.html

 

pp.30  The war on common Sense : http://observer.com/2013/11/mckinseys-dirty-war-bogus-war-for-talent-was-self-serving-and-failed/

 

pp.31 In my view, the biggest reason a preoccupation with talent can be harmful is simple: By shining our spotlight on talent, we risk leaving everything else in the shadows. We inadvertently send the message that these other factors - including grit - don't matter as much as they really do.

 

pp.36 The Mundanity of Excellence

http://academics.hamilton.edu/documents/themundanityofexcellence.pdf

http://rittersp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Chambliss-Mundanity-of-Excellence.pdf

 

pp.39 "out of the ground by magic" Friedrich Nietzsche, <Human, All Too Human: A book for Free Spirits>,

 

pp.51 I would add that skill is not the same thing as achievement, either. Without effort, your talent is nothing more than your unmet potential. Without effort, your skill is nothing more than what you could have done but didn't. With effort, talent becomes skill and, at the very same time, effort makes skill productive. 

 

pp.54 Grit is about working on something you care about so much that you're willing to stay loyal to it.

 

pp.57 For a lot of people, passion is synonymous with infatuation or obsession. But in interviews about what it takes to succeed, high achievers often talk about commitment of a different kind. Rather than intensity, what comes up again and again in their remarks is the idea of consistency over time.

 

pp.62 .."A clear, well-defined philosophy gives you the guidelines and boundaries that keep you on track."

 

pp.65 Gabriel Oettingen - "positive fantasizing" 

Gabriel's research suggests that indulging in visions of a positive future without figuring out how to get there, chiefly by considering what obstacles stand in the way, has short-term payoffs but long-term costs. In the short-term, you feel pretty great about your aspiration to be a doctor. In the long-term, you live with the disappointment of not having achieved your goal.

"Future Thought and Behaviour Change" European Review of Social Psychology 23.(2012)

"Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science of Motivation - New Your, Penguin, 2014

 

pp.66 Warren Buffett's steps

First. Write down a list of twenty-five career goals.

Second. Circle the five highest priority goals.

Third. Take a good hard look at uncircled twenty goals - these are costs, distracting, taking eyes from the goals that matter more.

 

The point of this exercise is to face the fact that time and energy are limited. Any successful person has to decide what to do in part by deciding what not to do.

 

pp.67 When you have to divide your actions among a number of very different high-level career goals, you're extremely conflicted. You need one internal compass - not two, three, four, or five

 

Adding step. Ask your self, To what extent do these goals serve a common purpose? The more they're part of the same goal hierarchy - important because they the serve the same ultimate concern - the more focused your passion.

 

pp. 77 Passion item for Grit Scale

- Degree to which he works with distant objects in view (as opposed to living from hand to mouth). Active preparation for later life. Working toward a definite goal.

- Tendency not to abandon tasks from mere changeability. Not seeking something fresh because of novelty. Not "looking for a change."

Perseverance items for Grit Scale

- Degree of strength of will or perseverance. Quite determination to stick to a course once decided upon.

- Tendency not to abandon tasks in the face of obstacles Perseverance, tenacity, doggedness.

 

pp. 78 In her summary comments, Cox(Catharine Cox, 1926) concluded that "high but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degree of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence."

 

pp.87 I learned that being a "promising beginner" is fun, but being an actual expert is infinitely more gratifying.

 

pp.90 Most important, paragons of grit don't swap compasses: when it comes to the one, singularly important aim that guides almost everything else they do, the very gritty tend not to utter the statements above. 

 

pp.106 But the reality is that our early interests are fragile, vaguely defined, and in need of energetic, years-long cultivation and refinement.

 

Before hard work comes play. Before those who've yet to fix on a passion are ready to spend hours a daily diligently honing skills, they must goof around, triggering and retriggering interest. Of course, developing an interest requires time and energy, and yes, some discipline and sacrifice. But at this earliest stage, novices aren't obsessed with getting better. They're not thinking years and years into the future. They don't know what their top-level, life-orienting goal will be. More than anything else, they're having fun.

 

pp.108 At the start of an endeavor, we need encouragement and freedom to figure out what we enjoy. We need small wins. We need applause. Yes, we can handle a tincture of criticism and corrective feedback. Yes, we need to practice. But not too much and not too soon. Rush a beginner and you'll bludgeon their budding interest. It's very, very hard to get that back once you do.

 

pp.111 I read once - a writer said that if you're bored with writing, that means you're bored with life.

 

p.114 Paul explained, is that novelty for the beginner comes in one form, and novelty for the expert in another. For the beginner, novelty is anything that hasn't been encountered before. For the expert, novelty is nuance.

 

pp.116 In sum, the directive to follow your passion is not bad advice. But what may be even more useful is to understand how passion are fostered in the first place.

 

pp.118 My interview research made me wonder whether grit is not just about quantity of time devoted to interests, but also quality of time. Not just more time on task, but also better time on task.

 

pp.122 This means that experts are more interested in what they did wrong - so they can fix it - than what they did right. The active processing of this feedback is as essential as its immediacy.

 

pp.126 But the most important finding was that the type of practice mattered tremendously. Deliberate practice predicted advancing to further rounds in final competition far better than any other kind of preparation.

 

pp.127 ... even world-class performers at the peak of their careers can only handle a maximum of one hour of deliberate practice before needing a break, and in total, can only do about three to five hours of deliberate practice per day.

 

pp.136 ... over the years, they develop a taste for hard work as they experience the rewards of their labor. This is the "learn to love the burn" story. Alternatively, it could be that grittier kids enjoy the hard work more, and that gets them to do more of it. This is the "some people enjoy a challenge" story.

 

pp.137 My guess is that deliberate practice can be deeply gratifying, but in a different way than flow. In other words, there are different kinds of positive experience: the thrill of getting better is one, and the ecstasy of performing at your best is another.

 

deliberate practice

• A clearly defined stretch goal

• Full concentration and effort

• Immediate and informative feedback

• Repetition with reflection and refinement

 

pp. 155 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwWFfB3qlSM  

Still the Mind: An Introduction to Meditation by Alan Watts 

 

pp.166 ~  David Yeager recommends reflection on how the work you're already doing can make a positive contribution to society.

Amy Wrzensniewski recommends thinking about how, in small but meaningful ways, you can change your current work to enhance its connection to your core values.

Bill Damon recommends finding inspiration in a purposeful role model.

 

pp. 169 Grit depends on a different kind of hope. It rests on the expectation that our own efforts can improve our future. I have feeling tomorrow will be better is different from I resolve to make tomorrow better. The hope that gritty people have has nothing to do with luck and everything to do with getting up again.

 

pp.174 Where they diverge is in their explanation: optimists habitually search for temporary and specific causes of their suffering, whereas pessimists assume permanent and pervasive causes are to blame.

 

pp. 178 When you keep searching for ways to change your situation for the better, you stand a chance of finding them. When you stop searching, assuming they can't be found, you guarantee they won't.

 

pp.180 Read them now and consider how much you agree or disagree with each:

• Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't change very much.

• You can learn new things, but you can't really change how intelligent you are.

• No matter how much intelligence you have, you can always change it quite a bit.

• You can always substantially change how intelligent you are.

 

pp. 182

Undermine Growth Mindset and Grit	Promotes Growth Mindset and Grit
You're a natural! I love that.	You're a learner! I love that.
Well, at least you tried.	That didn't work. Let's talk about how you approached and what might work better.
Great job! You're so talented!	Great job! What's one thing that could have been even better?
This is hard. Don't feel bad if you can't do it.	This is hard. Don't feel bad if you can't do it yet.
Maybe this just isn't your strength. Don't worry - you have other things to contribute.	I have high standards. I'm holding you to them because I know we can reach them together.

 

pp.183 Author and activist James Baldwin once put it this way: "Children have never been very good at listening to their elders, but they have never failed to imitate them."

 

pp.186 ..The lesson was that, when you have setbacks and failures, you can't overreact to them. You need to step back, analyze them, and learn from them. But you also need to stay optimistic.

 

pp.190 Steve said. " They're getting a lot of helplessness experiences. They're not getting enough mastery experiences. They're not learning: 'I can do this. I can succeed in that.' My speculation is that those earlier experiences can have really enduring effects. You need to learn that there's a contingency between your actions and what happens to you: 'If I do something, then something will happen.'

 

pp.207 Number one, a parent needs to set a stage that proves to the child, 'I'm not trying to just have you do what I say, control you,make you be like me, make you do what I did, ask you to make up for what I didn't do." ... If any of the tough love is about the parent just trying to control you, well, kids smell it out.

 

pp.214

Supportive: Warm

I can count on my parents to help me out if I have a problem.

My parents spend time just talking to me.

My parents  and I do things that are fun together.

My parents don't really like me to tell them my troubles.

My parents hardly ever praise me for doing well.

 

Supportive: Respectful

My parents believe I have a right to my own point of view.

My parents tell me that their ideas are correct and that I shouldn't question them.

My parents respect my privacy.

My parents give me a lot of freedom.

My parents make most of the decisions about what I can do.

 

Demanding

My parents really expect me to follow family rules.

My parents really let me get away with things.

My parents point out ways I could do better.

When I do something wrong, my parents don't punish me.

My parents expect me to do my best even when it's hard.

 

pp.229 The key was that students had signed up for something, signed up again the following year, and during that time had made some kind of progress.

 

pp.257 ~ George Bernard Shaw: "The true joy in life is to be a force of fortune instead of a feverish, selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy."

This is the true joy in life, the being used for a purpose recognized by yourself as a mighty one; the being thoroughly worn out before you are thrown on the scrap heap; the being a force of Nature instead of a feverish selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy.  Man and Superman.  1903.  pp.29

 

pp.261 ~ Personally, I have learned that if you create a vision for yourself and stick with it, you can make amazing things happen in your life. My experience is that once you have done the work to create the clear vision, it is the discipline and effort to maintain that vision that vision can make it all come true. The two go hand in hand. The moment you've created that vision, you're on your way, but it's the diligence with which you stick to that vision that allows you to get there.

 

pp.265 It's countless small things, each doable - but each so easy to botch, forget, or ignore. And though the details are countless, there are some themes.

 

pp.269 You can cultivate your interests. You can develop a habit of daily challenge-exceeding-skill practice. You can connect your work to a purpose beyond yourself. And you can learn to hope when all seems lost.