마인드셋 / Mindset: The New Psychology of Success

Mindset: The New Psychology of Success by Carol Dweck

3/28/2017 - 4/30/2017

https://mindsetonline.com/

https://www.mindsetworks.com/

http://www.ted.com/talks/carol_dweck_the_power_of_believing_that_you_can_improve

 

The Power of Yet.

- 어떤 문제를 직면했을때 그 문제 해결과정에서 배움을 찾고, 필요한 도움을 요청해서 해결해가는 과정을 통해서 가지고 있는 능력을 더 발전시킬 수 있다는 인식과 문제해결 결과가 현재의 모든 것을 보여주는 것이기 때문에 결과를 통해서 평가 받는다는 인식. 내가 어떤 쪽의 인식을 가지고 있었는가 돌이켜보면 후자인것 같다. 많이 하는 얘기로 "똑똑한데 노력을 안해서 결과가 안 좋다." 이런 얘기가 있다. 이것은 안 좋은 결과로 평가를 받았지만, 그 결과에 대해서 노력하지 않았다는 변명이 가능하다고 믿는 것이다. 결과로만 평가해서 안 좋았다면, 거기에 대한 변명을 찾지 않아야 한다. 원인이 될 변명을 찾았다면, 왜 결과를 만들어 내지 못했는지 그 과정을 다시 살펴봐야 하는 것이다. 사람들이 가지고 있는 여러가지 역량 - 심지어는 선천적이라고 여겨지는 지능까지 포함해서 - 들이 노력에 따라서 더 발전 가능하다는 것이 저자의 연구 결과에 따른 결론이다. 평가보다 도움을 줄 수 있는 사람이 되야 하고, 잘못된 점을 부끄럽게 여기거나 자기의 모든것이라고 자책하기 전에 어떻게 배우면 더 좋은 결과를 만들 수 있을지 고민하는것.

 

모든 사람들이 전업 학자가 되거나 유능한 기술자가 될 수 없고, 그럴 필요는 없다. 하지만, 모든 사람들이 자기에게 필요한 역량을 찾고 발전시키기 위해서 노력해야 하는 것은 필요하다. 내 자신을 그런 쪽으로, 또한 아이들을 그렇게 할 수 있도록 옆에서 도와 줄 수 있는 것. 아마 그것이 부모의 역할이 될것 같다.

 

pp.7 This growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts.

 

pp.11 What's more, if you're oriented toward learning, as they are, you need accurate information about your current abilities in order to learn effectively.

 

pp.12 Mindset about intelligent : 1,2 vs. 3,4

1. Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't change very much.

2. You can learn new things, but you can't really change how intelligent you are.

3. No matter how much intelligence you have, you can always change it quite a bit.

4. You can always substantially change how intelligent you are.

 

pp.13 Mindset about personality: 1, 3 vs. 2, 4

1. You are a certain kind of person, and there is not much that can be done to really change that.

2. No matter what kind of person you are, you can always change substantially.

3. You can do things differently, but the important parts of who you are can't really be changed.

4. You can always change basic things about the kind of person you are.

 

pp.15 Suddenly we realized that there were two meanings to ability, not one: a fixed ability that needs to be proven, and a changeable ability that can be developed through learning.

 

pp.53 Actually, sometimes you plunge into something because you're not good at it. This is a wonderful feature of the growth mindset.

 

pp.64 With his growth mindset, he asked "How can I teach them?" not "Can I teach them?" and "How will they learn best?" not "Can they learn?"

 

pp.65 Benjamin Bloom concludes, ... What any person in the world can learn, almost all person can learn if provided with the appropriate prior and current conditions of learn.

 

pp. 70 Just because some people can do something with little or no training, it doesn't mean that other can't do it (and sometimes do it even better) with training.

 

pp. 98~ 

Finding #1: Those with the growth mindset found success in doing their best, in learning and improving.

Finding #2: Those with the growth mindset found setbacks motivating. They're informative. They're a wake-up call.

Finding #3: People with the growth mindset in sports (as in pre-med chemistry) took charge of the processes that bring success - and that maintain it.

 

pp.99 For those with the fixed mindset, success is about establishing their superiority, pure and simple. Being that somebody who is worthier than the nobodies. ... Remember, in the fixed mindset, effort is not a cause for pride. It is something that casts doubt on your talent.

 

pp.124 Andrew Carnegie once said, "I wish to have as my epitaph: 'Here lies a man who was wise enough to bring into his service men who knew more than he.'"

 

pp.134 Irving Janis - 'groupthink'. It's when everyone in a group starts thinking alike. No one disagrees. No one takes a critical stance. It can lead to catastrophic decisions, and, as the Wood study suggests, it often can come right of a fixed mindset.

 

pp.173 In fact, every word and action can send a message It tells children - or students, or athletes - how to think about themselves. it can be a fixed-mindset message that says: You have permanent traits and I'm judging them. Or it can be a growth-mindset message that says: You are a developing person and I am interested in you development.

 

pp.175 Praising children's intelligence harms their motivation and it harms their performance.

 

pp.178 Haim Ginott, ... "Praise should deal, not with the child's personality attributes, but with his efforts and achievements."

 

pp.186 Don't judge. Teach. It's a learning process.

 

pp.199 Growth-mindset teachers tell students the truth and then give them the tools to close the gap.

 

pp.207 He's just a straight-ahead growth-mindset guy who lives by this rule: "You have to apply yourself each day to becoming a little better. By applying yourself to the task of becoming a little better each and every day over a period of time, you will become a lot better."

 

pp.218 Understanding that a lot of my problems were the result of my preoccupation with proving myself to be "smart" and avoiding failures has really helped me get out of the self-destructive pattern I was living in.

 

pp.228 These concrete plans - plans you can visualize - about when, where, and how you are going to do something lead to really high levels of follow-through, which of course, ups and the chances of success. 

So the idea is not only to make a growth-mindset plan, but also to visualize, in a concrete way, how you're going to carry it out.

 

pp.232 In the end, many people with the fixed mindset understand that their cloak of specialness was really a suit of armor they built to feel safe, strong, and worthy. While it may have protected them early on, later it constricted their growth, sent them into self-defeating battles, and cut them off from satisfying mutual relationships.

 

pp.243 But change doesn't work that way. When you've lost weight, the issue doesn't go away. Or when your child starts to love learning, the problem isn't solved forever. Or when you and your partner start communicating better, that's not the end of it. These changes have to be supported or they can go away faster than they appeared.